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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

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Pericarditis and pulmonary artery stenosis due to an extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: case report and review of the literature.

The Journal of emergency medicine·2013
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Simple and Effective Procedure for Hemostasis in Mouse Arteries
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Epistaxis: an overview.

Zachary A Kasperek1, Gary F Pollock

  • 1Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kasperekza@upmc.edu

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review covers epistaxis (nosebleeds) for emergency clinicians, detailing the anatomy, causes, and effective management strategies for both anterior and posterior nosebleeds.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Epistaxis, commonly known as nosebleeds, is a frequent presentation in emergency departments.
  • Understanding the nuances of anterior and posterior epistaxis is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide emergency clinicians with a comprehensive review of epistaxis.
  • To cover the essential aspects of epistaxis, including anatomy, incidence, etiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Methods:

  • This article is a review synthesizing current knowledge on epistaxis.
  • Information is compiled from existing literature relevant to emergency clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • The review discusses the anatomical structures involved in epistaxis.

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  • It details the incidence, common causes (etiology), and diagnostic approaches for nosebleeds.
  • Management strategies for both anterior and posterior epistaxis are thoroughly examined.

    • Conclusions:

    • Effective management of epistaxis requires a solid understanding of its underlying anatomy and causes.
    • Emergency clinicians can utilize this review to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy for patients presenting with nosebleeds.