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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Structures of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins required for replicase assembly and function.

Meigang Gu1, Charles M Rice

  • 1Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.

Current Opinion in Virology
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication involves complex protein interactions. Structural insights into HCV replicase components are advancing our understanding of viral genome synthesis despite challenges.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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09:35

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 3% of the global population, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • HCV, a positive-strand RNA virus, replicates its genome via negative-strand intermediates, assembling replicase complexes with cellular membranes.
  • Key viral proteins (NS3-NS5B) are essential for HCV RNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the assembly and function of the HCV replicase complex.
  • To overcome challenges in structural characterization of membrane-associated viral proteins.
  • To gain insights into the mechanisms of viral genome replication.

Main Methods:

  • Structural characterization of individual HCV replicase components.
  • Analysis of protein-protein interactions within the replicase complex.
  • Investigating the role of cellular membranes in viral replication.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in obtaining structural data for several HCV replicase proteins.
  • Structural information provides partial insights into the HCV genome replication machinery.
  • Challenges in characterizing multi-transmembrane proteins have been partially addressed.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in structural biology are crucial for understanding HCV replication.
  • Further structural studies are needed to fully elucidate the HCV replicase complex.
  • Understanding HCV replication mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies.