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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Chronic migraine.

D Valade1

  • 1Emergency Headache Centre, Lariboisière Hospital, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France. dominique.valade@lrb.aphp.fr

Revue Neurologique
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic migraine (CM) affects 2% of the global population, characterized by 15+ headache days monthly. Treatment involves education, lifestyle changes, and therapies to manage this disabling condition.

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16:13

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic migraine (CM) is defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2R) as 15 or more headache days per month.
  • Approximately 2% of the global population experiences chronic migraine, a condition distinct from episodic migraine (EM) by headache frequency and disability.
  • Medication overuse is a common comorbidity in chronic migraine patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the definition, prevalence, and treatment approaches for chronic migraine.
  • To highlight the key differences between chronic and episodic migraine.
  • To emphasize the multifactorial nature of chronic migraine management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition, revised (ICHD-2R) criteria for chronic migraine.
  • Analysis of global prevalence data for chronic migraine.
  • Overview of established and emerging treatment strategies for chronic migraine.

Main Results:

  • Chronic migraine is diagnosed with at least 15 headache days per month, with 8 meeting migraine criteria or responding to specific treatment.
  • The condition impacts approximately 2% of the world's population.
  • Effective management requires a comprehensive approach including education, lifestyle adjustments, trigger identification, and behavioral/pharmacologic therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic migraine is a significant global health issue requiring careful diagnosis and management.
  • Distinguishing CM from EM is crucial for appropriate treatment planning.
  • Integrated treatment strategies are essential for improving outcomes in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse.