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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion
07:50

Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion

Published on: December 22, 2020

Stroke and ventricular arrhythmias.

Sahil Koppikar1, Adrian Baranchuk, Juan Camilo Guzmán

  • 1Heart Rhythm Service, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

International Journal of Cardiology
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute stroke can cause heart rhythm problems, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Insular cortex damage is implicated in this autonomic imbalance and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias.

Keywords:
Acquired QT prolongationAutonomic nervous systemInsular cortexStrokeSystematic reviewVentricular arrhythmias

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acute stroke frequently leads to electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are elevated risks post-stroke.
  • Autonomic imbalance, driven by neurogenic injury and catecholamine release, contributes to myocardial damage and arrhythmogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of insular cortex infarcts in acute stroke-related autonomic dysregulation and arrhythmias.
  • To summarize current management strategies for ventricular arrhythmias in acute stroke patients.
  • To highlight the need for further research into neurological substrates of autonomic control and arrhythmogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and clinical evidence linking insular cortex lesions to autonomic dysfunction.
  • Analysis of established management protocols for ventricular arrhythmias in the context of acute stroke.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps regarding neurological structures and risk factors for post-stroke arrhythmias.

Main Results:

  • Insular cortex infarcts are strongly suggested to be key drivers of autonomic dysregulation and arrhythmias post-stroke.
  • Current management emphasizes continuous cardiac monitoring, pharmacotherapy, and electrolyte balance.
  • Significant gaps remain in understanding the specific neurological pathways and risk factors involved.

Conclusions:

  • Insular cortex lesions are critically involved in the pathogenesis of acute stroke-associated arrhythmias.
  • Effective management requires a multi-faceted approach including close cardiac surveillance and supportive care.
  • Further investigation into neuro-cardiac interactions is essential for improved patient outcomes.