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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...

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Chitin based polyurethanes using hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene, Part II: morphological studies.

Khalid Mahmood Zia1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi, Mohammad Mujahid

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan. ziakmpkpolym@yahoo.com

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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This study prepared chitin-polyurethane (PU) materials, finding that higher chitin content increases crosslinking density. This crosslinking, confirmed by FT-IR and SEM, enhances material properties and solvent resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers with applications in various industries.
  • Chitin, a natural biopolymer, offers potential for modifying polymer properties.
  • Developing novel composite materials with enhanced characteristics is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize chitin-based polyurethane (PU) materials.
  • To investigate the effect of chitin content on the crosslinking density and structure of PU.
  • To confirm the formation of a network structure and evaluate material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of chitin-hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethane (PU).
  • Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for structural confirmation and crosslinking analysis.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX-SEM microanalysis for structural and elemental composition.
  • Solubility tests to assess crosslinking behavior.

Main Results:

  • FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful preparation of chitin-PU and indicated increased crosslinking density with higher chitin content.
  • The tri-functional nature of chitin was identified as key to forming the network structure.
  • SEM and EDX-SEM analyses corroborated the cross-linked structure and elemental composition.
  • The prepared polyurethane exhibited enhanced resistance to solvent dissolution, confirming crosslinking.

Conclusions:

  • Chitin incorporation effectively increases the crosslinking density in polyurethane materials.
  • The tri-functional groups of chitin play a crucial role in creating a robust network structure.
  • The resulting chitin-PU composites demonstrate improved structural integrity and solvent resistance, making them promising for advanced material applications.