Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions01:27

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic01:15

Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by acetylcholine and nicotine. Upon activation, they cause a rapid increase in the permeability of cells to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, followed by depolarization and excitation. They are in the autonomic ganglia, skeletal neuromuscular junction, CNS, and adrenal medulla.
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of relighting cigarettes on biomarkers of carcinogen and toxicant exposures.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same author

Cigarette relighting disparities and potential implications: Survey findings from a large US probability sample.

Addictive behaviors·2026
Same author

The impact of very low nicotine cigarettes on cannabis and alcohol use during a 12-week clinical trial.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same author

Changes in the Oral Microbiota after Switching from Smoking to Exclusive e-Cigarette Use in an 8-Week Product-Switching Trial.

Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Titration of nicotine intake in smokers switching to reduced nicotine content cigarettes with access to alternative nicotine systems: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)·2026
Same author

A watercress drink increases detoxification of common environmental carcinogens such as acrolein and benzene: results of a randomized clinical trial.

Carcinogenesis·2026
Same journal

Genetically proxied inhibition of cholesterol-lowering drug targets and survival in HPV-positive and non-HPV driven head and neck cancer: a multicentre MR study.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same journal

Retraction: Menstrual Factors, Reproductive History and Liver Cancer Risk: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study in Chinese Women.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same journal

Optimizing the Uptake and Completion of the Cervical Cancer Screening Continuum: Opportunity Knocks, Including at Home.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same journal

Sex Differences in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis of Nonreproductive Solid Organ Tumors in the United States, 2015 to 2022.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of the 4Kscore in EPIC: Reply.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of the 4Kscore in EPIC: Letter.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
09:30

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Reduced nicotine content cigarettes and nicotine patch.

Dorothy K Hatsukami1, Louise A Hertsgaard, Rachel I Vogel

  • 1Tobacco Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. hatsu001@umn.edu

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes with a nicotine patch may improve acute effects and reduce withdrawal severity during smoking cessation attempts. This combination approach shows promise for smoking cessation treatments.

More Related Videos

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
09:25

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
09:30

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
09:25

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Tobacco regulatory science
  • Addiction medicine
  • Public health policy

Background:

  • Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes are associated with decreased cigarette consumption, withdrawal symptom relief, and improved smoking cessation success.
  • Investigating the combined effects of RNC cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy is crucial for optimizing cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of RNC cigarettes, nicotine patch, and a combination therapy on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, and withdrawal symptoms.
  • To explore the long-term abstinence rates associated with these interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, parallel-arm study design was employed.
  • Participants were assigned to one of three six-week treatment arms: RNC cigarettes, 21 mg nicotine patch, or RNC cigarettes plus nicotine patch.
  • All groups received behavioral treatment, with follow-up assessments up to six months.

Main Results:

  • The combination therapy resulted in lower smoking rates of assigned cigarettes and reduced carbon monoxide levels compared to RNC cigarettes alone.
  • Participants using the combination approach experienced less severe withdrawal symptoms when switching to assigned products and smoked fewer of their usual brand cigarettes during treatment.
  • These benefits on usual brand cigarette smoking were not sustained after the treatment period.

Conclusions:

  • Combining very low nicotine content cigarettes with a nicotine patch may enhance acute outcomes compared to using either product individually.
  • These findings suggest potential applications for smoking cessation treatments and policy interventions aimed at reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes.