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Amoxicillin renal toxicity: how often does it occur?
Rita Mrvos1, Tara L Pummer, Edward P Krenzelok
1Pittsburgh Poison Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA. mrvosr@upmc.edu
Renal symptoms from amoxicillin ingestion in young children are rare, occurring in only 0.03% of cases. The study found no clear link between the dose ingested and the development of these rare adverse events.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Toxicology
- Pharmacovigilance
- Antibiotic Safety
Background:
- Amoxicillin is a widely prescribed antibiotic for children.
- Renal adverse effects are a potential concern with antibiotic use.
- Data on amoxicillin-induced renal symptoms in young children is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence of renal symptoms following amoxicillin exposure in children under six years of age.
- To analyze data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) for amoxicillin ingestions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of amoxicillin ingestions in children younger than 6 years reported to the NPDS (2004-2008).
- Analysis included patient demographics, management site, outcome, symptoms, and ingested amount.
- Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data.
Main Results:
- 14,717 cases were identified; 5 patients (0.03%) experienced related renal symptoms.
- In cases with documented amount and weight, the median ingestion was 82.6 mg/kg.
- Of those with known outcomes, most had no effect (81.9%), with few experiencing minor (16.0%) or moderate (2.1%) symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Renal toxicity associated with amoxicillin ingestion in young children is uncommon.
- The available data suggests that renal symptoms are not strongly dose-dependent.
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