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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
04:02

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Published on: November 25, 2025

Update on primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Tom H Karlsen1, Kirsten Muri Boberg

  • 1Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Hepatology
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) research is advancing, focusing on pathogenesis and patient care. Current challenges include undefined causes and lack of effective treatments for this complex liver disease.

Keywords:
CholangiocarcinomaInflammatory bowel diseasePrimary sclerosing cholangitis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
04:02

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture

Published on: November 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a challenging chronic liver disease.
  • Current understanding of PSC pathogenesis and effective treatments remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on primary sclerosing cholangitis.
  • To link new pathogenetic insights to clinical characteristics and patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on PSC.
  • Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms and their clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • Ongoing debate regarding immune-mediated injury versus bile acid physiology in PSC pathogenesis.
  • Uncertainty about PSC as a distinct entity or secondary to other conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Absence of medical therapies proven to impact clinical endpoints in PSC.

Conclusions:

  • PSC management remains challenging due to unpredictable disease course and high risk of cholangiocarcinoma.
  • Further research is needed to clarify PSC etiology and develop targeted therapies.
  • Optimal timing for liver transplantation and patient follow-up requires careful consideration.