Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Double-balloon enteroscopy for luminal evaluation of the excluded stomach: a retrospective multicenter analysis.

iGIE : innovation, investigation and insights·2026
Same author

Small Bowel Bleeding.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2024
Same author

Identifying general reaction conditions by bandit optimization.

Nature·2024
Same author

Device-assisted enteroscopy in the surveillance of intestinal hamartomas in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Endoscopy international open·2024
Same author

Ischemic Colitis Due to Idiopathic Myointimal Hyperplasia of the Mesenteric Veins.

ACG case reports journal·2023
Same author

Quality of Capsule Endoscopy Reporting in Patients Referred for Double Balloon Enteroscopy.

Gastroenterology research·2023
Same journal

Current Trends in Multidrug Optimization.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
Same journal

From the Editor-in-Chief: The 2013 JALA Ten: Call for Nominations.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
Same journal

From the Editor-in-Chief: The JALA Special Issues on Robotics in Laboratory Automation.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
Same journal

Informatics and Computing.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
Same journal

Informatics and Computing.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
Same journal

Automated Systems.

Journal of laboratory automation·2017
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
08:35

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

Published on: May 29, 2021

A computational method for planning complex compound distributions under container, liquid handler, and assay

Mark F Russo1, Daniel Wild, Steve Hoffman

  • 11Research Informatics and Automation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., Princeton, NJ, USA.

Journal of Laboratory Automation
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a systematic method and computer program for solving complex compound distribution problems. The approach uses weighted mathematical models to optimize liquid handling and distribution, accommodating various business rules.

Keywords:
chemistry informaticshigh-throughput chemistryinformatics and software

More Related Videos

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
08:35

Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

Published on: May 29, 2021

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Automation and Robotics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Compound distribution is crucial in drug discovery and chemical research.
  • Optimizing these processes can be complex due to numerous variables and constraints.
  • Existing methods may lack flexibility in handling diverse distribution scenarios and business rules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a systematic and automated method for solving complex compound distribution problems.
  • To create a flexible computational model that accommodates various liquid handling parameters and destination types.
  • To incorporate business rules and relative distribution importance through a weighted system.

Main Methods:

  • A model problem was developed, defining mathematical equations and constraints for source containers, liquid handlers, and destination containers.
  • A computer program was created to automatically assemble and solve these distribution problems.
  • Weighting factors were assigned to distributions to represent their relative importance and accommodate business rules.

Main Results:

  • The developed method successfully assembles and solves complex compound distribution problems.
  • The system demonstrates flexibility in handling different numbers and types of destination containers.
  • An example problem revealed complex and non-intuitive solution behaviors, highlighting the model's depth.

Conclusions:

  • The presented systematic method and associated computer program offer an effective solution for optimizing compound distribution.
  • The weighted model approach allows for the incorporation of business logic and prioritization.
  • Further exploration of the model's behavior can lead to enhanced automation in chemical and biological research.