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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Melatonin reduces kainate-induced lipid peroxidation in homogenates of different brain regions.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·1995
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Melatonin administration prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in phenobarbital-treated animals.

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Lindane and DDT-induced changes in rat harderian N-acetyltransferase activity, melatonin levels, and porphyrin concentration.

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Marked reduction of radiation-induced micronuclei in human blood lymphocytes pretreated with melatonin.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster
05:59

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: October 20, 2023

Aging and oxygen toxicity: Relation to changes in melatonin.

R J Reiter

    Age
    |April 23, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Melatonin, a hormone primarily produced at night, acts as a potent antioxidant protecting against cellular damage. Its production decreases with age, suggesting a role in aging and related diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Endocrinology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pineal gland hormone with higher nocturnal blood levels.
    • Melatonin production naturally declines with age.
    • Melatonin exhibits antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress and its potential role in aging.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental studies examining melatonin's protective effects against various toxins and damaging agents.
    • Assessment of melatonin's antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo.

    Main Results:

    • Melatonin demonstrated protection against DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals.

    More Related Videos

    Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
    12:02

    Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

    Published on: July 30, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 12, 2026

    High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster
    05:59

    High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
    12:02

    Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

    Published on: July 30, 2016

  • It reduced oxidative damage from toxins like safrole, carbon tetrachloride, and MPTP, as well as from radiation and exercise.
  • Melatonin also possesses immune-stimulating, sleep-promoting, and anti-viral properties.

    • Conclusions:

    • Melatonin's antioxidant capabilities suggest a role in mitigating aging and age-related diseases.
    • Its multifaceted biological actions may contribute to combating the aging process.