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Related Concept Videos

Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Transformation01:26

Transformation

Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
11:26

Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling

Published on: January 18, 2015

Mechanism of immortalization.

K Hubbard, H L Ozer

    Age
    |April 23, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed immortalized cell models to study cellular aging and cancer. These models, using SV40 sequences, aid in identifying growth suppressor genes and understanding cell immortalization mechanisms.

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    Published on: January 18, 2015

    Mammary Transplantation of Stromal Cells and Carcinoma Cells in C57BL/6J Mice
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    Isolation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Glomerular Endothelial Cells with Fluorescent Mitochondria
    11:49

    Isolation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Glomerular Endothelial Cells with Fluorescent Mitochondria

    Published on: September 13, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Human diploid cells have a limited lifespan (replicative senescence), acting as a tumor suppression mechanism.
    • Cancer cells are immortal, exhibiting an indefinite lifespan.
    • Cellular immortalization is key to understanding carcinogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To understand replicative senescence and carcinogenesis through cell immortalization models.
    • To dissect the mechanisms of cell immortalization using SV40 and HPV sequences.
    • To identify novel growth suppressor genes and study cellular aging processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of matched sets of non-immortal and immortal SV40 cell lines.
    • Utilizing SV40 and human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences for cell immortalization.
    • Employing these cell lines as model systems for biological process studies.

    Main Results:

    • Established cell models for studying replicative senescence and carcinogenesis.
    • Facilitated the identification of novel growth suppressor genes, such as SEN6.
    • Provided a platform for investigating cellular aging, apoptosis, and telomere stabilization.

    Conclusions:

    • Immortalized cell lines are invaluable tools for dissecting mechanisms of immortalization.
    • These models offer insights into processes affected by altered oncogene and growth suppressor expression.
    • Continued use of these model systems is expected to advance understanding of cancer and aging.