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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Shallow Water (Paddling) Variants of Water Maze Tests in Mice

Shallow Water (Paddling) Variants of Water Maze Tests in Mice

Published on: June 3, 2013

Inverse relationship between task complexity and performance deficit in 5 m water immersion.

Marc Dalecki¹, Otmar Bock, Uwe Hoffmann

¹Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. dalecki@dshs-koeln.de

Experimental Brain Research

|April 23, 2013

Summary

Cognitive performance in shallow water (5m) depends on task difficulty. Simple tasks showed deficits, while complex tasks did not, suggesting immersion affects cognitive processing differently based on complexity.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human Performance
Environmental Psychology

Background:

Inconsistent findings exist regarding cognitive deficits during shallow water immersion.
Previous studies reported deficits at 5m depth, while others found them only at greater depths.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if task difficulty explains discrepancies in cognitive performance under shallow water immersion.
To evaluate the impact of 5m water depth on cognitive tasks with varying difficulty levels.

Main Methods:

Forty-eight participants completed mental rotation and color-word tasks at multiple difficulty levels.
Cognitive performance was assessed both on dry land and at a 5m water depth.

Main Results:

Reaction times increased at 5m depth for simple tasks but not for complex tasks.
Cognitive performance deficits at 5m depth were inversely related to task complexity.

Conclusions:

Shallow water immersion impacts cognitive performance, with effects moderated by task difficulty.
A multiple-channel parallel processing model explains why simple tasks are more affected than complex tasks at 5m depth.