Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026
07:39
An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells
Published on: August 15, 2012
Trichomoniasis and HIV interactions: a review
Patricia Kissinger1, Alys Adamski
1Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70012, USA. kissing@tulane.edu
Sexually Transmitted Infections
|April 23, 2013
Summary
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) significantly increases HIV acquisition and transmission. Treating TV in women with HIV reduces HIV shedding, and prevention strategies are similar for all individuals.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a common sexually transmitted infection.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global health concern.
- Co-infection with TV and HIV presents unique challenges in management and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of TV and HIV co-infections.
- To examine the role of TV in HIV acquisition and transmission.
- To discuss treatment and prevention strategies for TV in individuals with HIV.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of the literature was conducted.
- Databases searched included EMBASE and PubMed from January 1990 to February 2013.
- Keywords focused on TV, HIV co-infections, acquisition, transmission, shedding, treatment, and couples studies.
Main Results:
- Strong evidence indicates TV increases HIV transmission and acquisition in women.
- Successful TV treatment can reduce HIV genital shedding.
- Single-dose metronidazole may be less effective for TV in HIV-positive women due to co-infections.
Conclusions:
- TV treatment in women with HIV can reduce HIV shedding.
- Prevention of TV in HIV-positive individuals involves condom promotion, screening, and prompt treatment.
- Vigilant screening and treatment of TV are crucial public health strategies for both HIV-susceptible and HIV-positive populations.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
01:22Microbial Interactions: Parasitism
Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
01:29Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
01:26Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions
A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
01:25Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...