Postnatal development of lung alveoli: suppression by 13% O2 and a critical period

We studied the effect of 13% O2 on the development of the lung's gas-exchange region. Rats, acclimatized to 13% O2, remained in 13% O2 while pregnant, and were kept with their pups in 13% O2 until the pups were killed or were placed in air at age 15 days; other rats were always in air. Pups kept in 13% O2, unlike air pups, did not decrease mean chord length (Lm) or increase surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) of gas-exchange air spaces between age 2 and 14 days or by age 40 days. Rats placed in air at age 15 days did not change Lm or S/V even in air. Rats kept in 13% O2, and rats placed in air at age 15 days had fewer alveolar attachments to bronchioles than air rats. Gas-exchange air volume (VA) in 13% O2 rats was equal to or greater than in air rats; VA/kg was larger in 13% O2 than air rats. We conclude that maintenance of rats in 13% O2 during gestation and during the period alveoli are formed by septation blocks septation in a seemingly irrevocable manner. We suggest diminished septation decreases radial traction on conducting airways leading to increased VA/kg.