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Cadaver study on the location of suboccipital lymph nodes: Guidance for suboccipital node dissection
Hidde J Veenstra1, W Martin C Klop, Peter J F M Lohuis
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to provide anatomic guidance for the extent (technique) of suboccipital node dissection.
Methods:
Five human cadaver necks (9 sides) were studied. Boundaries were the superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance (cranial), the nuchal ligament (medial), an imaginary line through C7 (caudal), and the posterior wall of the auditory channel (anterior). The overlying skin and complete thickness of the cranial part of the trapezius muscle and fascia sheath was included (deep).
Results:
An average number of 4 lymph nodes per suboccipital side were found. Diameters ranged from 1 to 6 mm. Twenty nodes (63%) were located in the subcutaneous tissue, 12 (37%) were found just underneath the superficial fascia of the trapezius muscle.
Conclusion:
Suboccipital nodes are small and mainly located in the subcutaneous layer, with a minority just underneath the superficial fascia of the trapezius muscle. This anatomic knowledge was used to refine the suboccipital dissection.
