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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent electrostatic forces to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays
11:03

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays

Published on: March 9, 2021

Particle formation in the emulsion-solvent evaporation process.

Roland H Staff1, David Schaeffel, Andrey Turshatov

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Particle formation from emulsion droplets via solvent evaporation is clarified. Coalescence is minimal; droplet distribution post-formation dictates final polymer colloid size distribution.

Keywords:
emulsionsfluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopymicrodropletsnanoparticlessolvent evaporation

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Published on: February 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding particle formation from emulsion droplets is crucial for developing advanced materials.
  • Solvent evaporation is a common technique for synthesizing polymer colloids.
  • The precise mechanisms, particularly the role of droplet coalescence, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit and clarify the mechanism of particle formation from submicrometer emulsion droplets during solvent evaporation.
  • To quantitatively analyze the colloidal system throughout the evaporation process.
  • To determine the primary factors influencing the size distribution of the resulting polymer colloids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of advanced analytical techniques.
  • Employed dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size analysis.
  • Applied fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), zeta potential measurements, and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) for in-situ monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that a multi-method approach provides reliable and quantitative data on droplet behavior during evaporation.
  • Observed that droplet coalescence plays a negligible role in the particle formation process.
  • Established that the initial droplet size distribution significantly influences the final polymer colloid size distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a refined understanding of particle formation via solvent evaporation from emulsions.
  • The findings highlight the importance of controlling initial droplet size for achieving desired polymer colloid characteristics.
  • The employed combination of techniques offers a robust framework for analyzing similar colloidal systems.