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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment01:18

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment

Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
09:02

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

Published on: June 7, 2017

Patient empowerment and hand hygiene, 1997-2012.

M McGuckin1, J Govednik

  • 1McGuckin Methods International, Ardmore, PA 19003, USA. mcguckin@hhreports.com

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Patients are willing to be empowered to improve healthcare worker hand hygiene. However, explicit permission from healthcare workers significantly increases patient engagement in these crucial hygiene practices.

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare-associated infections
  • Patient safety
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Multi-modal hand hygiene programs incorporating patient empowerment are recommended for improving compliance.
  • The extent to which patients can actively influence healthcare worker hand hygiene behavior remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on patient willingness for empowerment in hand hygiene.
  • To identify barriers to patient empowerment in healthcare settings.
  • To examine hand hygiene programs that leverage patient empowerment for improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline (Ovid) for English-language papers (1997-2012).
  • Keywords included patient participation, empowerment, hand hygiene, and patient reminders.

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  • Reviews were updated from the World Health Organization's Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients generally express willingness to be empowered regarding hand hygiene.
    • Reported rates of patient empowerment practice vary widely (5%-80%).
    • Healthcare worker permission enhances patient involvement in hand hygiene empowerment.

    Conclusions:

    • Patient willingness to participate in hand hygiene empowerment is consistently supported.
    • Developing programs that empower both patients and healthcare workers is essential.
    • Enhancing comfort levels in these roles is key to successful implementation.