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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Decoupling hydrogen and oxygen evolution during electrolytic water splitting using an electron-coupled-proton buffer.

Mark D Symes1, Leroy Cronin

  • 1WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.

Nature Chemistry
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new water electrolysis method using an electron-coupled-proton buffer (ECPB) to produce hydrogen and oxygen at separate times. This innovation enhances safety and flexibility in hydrogen production for a sustainable energy future.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Hydrogen is a critical industrial fuel and a key component of the future hydrogen economy.
  • Current hydrogen production relies heavily on fossil fuels, contributing to CO₂ emissions.
  • Renewable-powered water electrolysis offers a cleaner alternative but faces challenges with simultaneous gas production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel water electrolysis method for temporally separated hydrogen and oxygen production.
  • To address safety concerns and electrolyzer degradation associated with simultaneous gas generation in high-pressure cells.
  • To explore enhanced flexibility in membrane and electrode selection for water-splitting applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the polyoxometalate H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ to establish the electron-coupled-proton buffer (ECPB) concept.
  • Implemented a water electrolysis process enabling sequential O₂ and H₂ generation.
  • Investigated the implications of temporally separated gas production on electrolysis cell design and performance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of producing oxygen and hydrogen at distinct times during water electrolysis.
  • Showcased the potential of the ECPB concept to mitigate gas mixing issues in electrolyzer headspaces.
  • Confirmed that temporally separated production offers greater versatility in choosing membranes and electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • The ECPB method offers a promising advancement for safer and more efficient hydrogen generation via water electrolysis.
  • This approach could significantly improve the safety and longevity of high-pressure electrolysis systems.
  • The flexibility in component selection opens new avenues for optimizing water-splitting technologies.