Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control01:23

Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control

The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Light-switchable enzyme-mimetic organocatalysis in water via supramolecular assembly.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

A Short-Term High-Sugar Diet Induces Glucose Intolerance, Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation, and Exacerbates Experimental Allergic Asthma.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Catalytically controlled formation of coumarin-based hydrogelator enables colorimetric ferrous ion detection in sol and hydrogel.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

Dataset on bus mobility and environmental indicators from Rio de Janeiro.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Room-temperature synthesis of silver-based nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel material <i>via</i> catalytic crosslinking for recyclable dye degradation applications.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Exogenous acetate mitigates later enhanced allergic airway inflammation in a menopausal mouse model.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Catalytic control over supramolecular gel formation.

Job Boekhoven1, Jos M Poolman, Chandan Maity

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.

Nature Chemistry
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Catalysis accelerates the formation of low-molecular-weight gels, significantly enhancing their mechanical strength and structure. This method allows for tunable gel properties in minutes using simple building blocks.

More Related Videos

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Low-molecular-weight gels are metastable materials with kinetically controlled properties.
  • These gels have broad applications in petrochemicals, healthcare, and tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate control over mechanical properties and structure of supramolecular gels via catalysis.
  • To accelerate hydrogel formation and enhance mechanical properties using in situ catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • In situ catalysis of gelator molecule formation.
  • Utilizing acid or nucleophilic aniline catalysis.
  • Controlling gelator formation rate to influence gelation kinetics and morphology.

Main Results:

  • Catalysis drastically enhances the mechanical properties of supramolecular hydrogels.
  • Tunable gel strength achieved in minutes under ambient conditions.
  • Altering gelator formation rate impacts gelation rate, morphology, and mechanical strength.

Conclusions:

  • Catalytic action offers direct control over supramolecular gel properties.
  • This approach yields metastable gels with improved mechanical strength and appearance.
  • Enables rapid, tunable hydrogel formation from simple precursors.