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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Published on: June 8, 2018

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states.

Christopher G Yale1, Bob B Buckley, David J Christle

  • 1Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a fully optical method for controlling single spins in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. This technique enables initialization, manipulation, and readout without relying on traditional methods, paving the way for new quantum technologies.

Keywords:
quantum controlquantum opticssemiconductor defectsspintronics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Optics

Background:

  • Controlling individual quantum systems in solids, like nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, is crucial for quantum computing and sensing.
  • Current methods for NV center control often involve disparate techniques (e.g., optical spin-selective intersystem crossing and microwave electron spin resonance), adding complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a unified, fully optical approach for initializing, manipulating, and reading out single spins in NV centers.
  • To eliminate the need for non-optical control methods and simplify qubit operations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an excited-state spin anticrossing in NV centers at cryogenic temperatures.
  • Employing coherent population trapping and stimulated Raman techniques for spin control.
  • Performing operations directly in any chosen quantum basis without basis mapping.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated initialization, readout, and unitary manipulation of a single NV center spin using only optical pulses.
  • Achieved measurements of spin coherence, validating the full optical control protocol.
  • Showcased a unified approach that bypasses the need for electron spin resonance and intersystem crossing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed all-optical control method offers a simplified and potentially more scalable approach for NV center qubits.
  • This technique can be integrated into photonic networks and may be applicable to other solid-state qubits lacking current addressing methods.