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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Mitral valve mechanics following posterior leaflet patch augmentation.

Azadeh Rahmani1, Ann Q Rasmussen, Jesper L Honge

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.

The Journal of Heart Valve Disease
|April 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patch augmentation for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation (FIMR) reduced chordae tendineae forces in simulations. However, this repair may impact long-term mitral valve function and remodeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Functional ischemic mitral regurgitation (FIMR) is a growing concern, driving innovation in mitral valve repair.
  • Patch augmentation is a surgical technique employed to address FIMR.
  • Understanding the biomechanical effects of patch augmentation on mitral valve chordae tendineae is crucial for optimizing repair strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in force balance within specific chordae tendineae of the posterior papillary muscle.
  • To evaluate these changes in a simulated FIMR valve following posterior leaflet patch augmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized porcine mitral valves (n=12) in an in vitro left ventricular simulation setup.
  • Simulated FIMR by displacing the posterior papillary muscle, measuring chordae tendineae forces before and after.
  • Applied posterior leaflet patch augmentation and re-evaluated chordae tendineae forces.

Main Results:

  • Posterior papillary muscle displacement (simulating FIMR) increased intermediate chordae tendineae force by 39.8% (p=0.014).
  • Posterior leaflet patch augmentation decreased these forces by 31.1% (p=0.007).
  • No significant difference in forces was observed between healthy and repaired valve simulations (p=0.773).

Conclusions:

  • Posterior leaflet patch augmentation effectively reduces chordae tendineae forces in a simulated FIMR model.
  • Potential long-term adverse effects on mitral valve function and remodeling warrant further investigation due to altered stress distribution.