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Related Experiment Videos

Olfactory transduction: cross-talk between second-messenger systems.

R R Anholt1, A M Rivers

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

Biochemistry
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Olfactory receptor neurons use calmodulin to activate adenylate cyclase, a key step in smell. This calcium-dependent process may involve a novel second-messenger cascade in olfactory transduction.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) possess chemosensory cilia containing adenylate cyclase (AC).
  • Cyclic AMP (cAMP) generated by AC is a proposed second messenger in olfactory transduction.
  • Odorant stimulation of AC is concentration-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of calmodulin in olfactory transduction.
  • To determine if calmodulin modulates olfactory adenylate cyclase activity.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of calmodulin-mediated AC activation.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to measure adenylate cyclase activity in olfactory cilia.
  • Investigation of the effects of calmodulin, calcium, and GTP on AC activity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Characterization of the interaction between odorant stimulation and calmodulin activation.

    • Main Results:

    • Olfactory cilia were found to contain calmodulin.
    • Calmodulin potently activated olfactory adenylate cyclase.
    • Calmodulin activation was calcium-dependent and enhanced by GTP.
    • Calmodulin's activation mechanism was additive and independent of direct odorant stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Olfactory transduction may involve a second-messenger cascade.
    • Odorant-induced calcium increase can lead to calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase.
    • Calmodulin represents a novel component in the olfactory signaling pathway.