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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

Fibroblasts and synovial immunity.

Michelle T Leech1, Eric F Morand

  • 1Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Locked Bag No 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|April 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are active players in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation, producing inflammatory mediators. Emerging evidence suggests FLS also contribute to initiating and maintaining abnormal adaptive immune responses in RA pathogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium involves increased lymphocytes and macrophages.
  • Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), once considered structural, are now recognized as active inflammatory cells.
  • Recent insights link RA to autoimmunity against citrullinated proteins, highlighting potential FLS roles in adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of FLS in RA pathogenesis.
  • To explore FLS contributions to synovial inflammation and immunity.
  • To consolidate current understanding of FLS involvement in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of FLS research in RA.
  • Step-by-step analysis of FLS contributions to RA phenomena.
  • Synthesis of evidence on FLS in synovial immunity and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • FLS actively produce cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators in RA.
  • FLS demonstrate capacity for autonomous contributions to RA inflammation.
  • FLS may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of abnormal adaptive immune responses in RA.

Conclusions:

  • FLS play a significant role beyond structural support in RA.
  • Substantial evidence supports a broad function for FLS in synovial immunity and inflammation.
  • FLS are key effector cells contributing to RA pathogenesis.