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Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices
Published on: June 13, 2025
Glue embolization for gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding: contribution to hemodynamics and healing process
Takahiko Mine1, S Murata, K Nakazawa
1Department of Radiology/Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo.
Background:
Although the morbidity of bowel ischemic events after glue embolization has been suggested, a causal relationship between glue and ischemia has not been clearly established.
Purpose:
To evaluate the efficiency and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA-TAE) for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH).
Material And Methods:
Between October 2006 and October 2012, 21 patients with upper GIH underwent NBCA-TAE, and endoscopic data were obtained within 30 days of follow-up. Shock index prior to and immediately after NBCA-TAE were compared to determine changes in hemodynamics. Days to Forrest type III, as assessed by follow-up endoscopy, was used as an indicator of the healing process. Other clinical outcomes included days for starting ingestion and for hospital discharge.
Results:
Sixteen gastric and five duodenal ulcers, classified into Forrest type I, were treated. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all the patients, and no re-bleeding occurred within the follow-up period. Shock index significantly (P < 0.001) improved from before (0.99 ± 0.076) to immediately after NBCA-TAE (0.67 ± 0.038). Sequential mucosal healing processes were observed in all the patients, and the number of days to Forrest type III was 9.6 ± 7.1. The number of days for starting ingestion and hospital discharge was 9.0 ± 4.5 and 15 ± 7.7 days, respectively.
Conclusion:
NBCA-TAE is an effective and safe method for the control of nonvariceal upper GIH, in terms of contribution to hemodynamics and healing process of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
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