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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Murine Brown Adipose Tissue
07:50

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Murine Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: November 21, 2018

ENCODE: A Sourcebook of Epigenomes and Chromatin Language.

Maryam Yavartanoo1, Jung Kyoon Choi

  • 1Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.

Genomics & Informatics
|April 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Human Genome Project

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project initially suggested much of the human genome was non-functional 'junk DNA'.
  • This view is now recognized as an oversimplification, prompting further investigation into genome function.
  • The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project was established to explore the functional elements within the human genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key aspects of the ENCODE project.
  • To highlight recently released ENCODE features and data.
  • To present a case study utilizing ENCODE epigenome data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of relationships between chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and DNA methylation.
  • Investigating transcription and sequence-specific factor occupancy.
Keywords:
ENCODEchromatinhuman genomenucleosome positioningregulatory elements

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Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

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A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies
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A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Murine Brown Adipose Tissue
07:50

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Murine Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: November 21, 2018

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
06:38

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

Published on: October 8, 2017

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies
08:04

A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies

Published on: August 13, 2020

  • Utilizing ENCODE epigenome data for a specific case study.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of novel DNA regulatory elements.
    • New insights into the organization and regulation of the human genome and epigenome.
    • Demonstration of functional significance of previously overlooked genomic regions.

    Conclusions:

    • The human genome contains numerous functional, non-coding elements.
    • ENCODE data provides critical insights into genome regulation and epigenetics.
    • Epigenetic data analysis reveals complex regulatory mechanisms within the genome.