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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

High-Resolution Comparison of Bacterial Conjugation Frequencies
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High-Resolution Comparison of Bacterial Conjugation Frequencies

Published on: January 10, 2019

A repeat sequence causes competition of ColE1-type plasmids.

Mei-Hui Lin1, Jen-Fen Fu, Shih-Tung Liu

  • 1Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Plos One
|April 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plasmid repeats promote transcription and prevent invasion by incompatible plasmids. RNA polymerase binding to these repeats explains plasmid stability and host cell defense mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pantoea stewartii plasmid pSW200 possesses 15-bp repeats influencing plasmid stability.
  • Plasmid incompatibility is a key factor in microbial population dynamics and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of 15-bp repeats in pSW200 plasmid stability and replication.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which repeats promote transcription and prevent incompatible plasmid entry.

Main Methods:

  • Plasmid construction involving repeat deletion (pSW207) and homoplasmid presence (pSW201).
  • Transcriptional activity assays for RNAI and RNAII promoters.
  • Immunoblot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to detect protein-DNA interactions.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of repeats did not affect copy number but destabilized the plasmid in the presence of a homoplasmid.
  • Repeats enhance transcription of RNAI and RNAII by approximately 30%, with RNAI inhibiting pSW207 replication.
  • RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds to the repeat region, promoting transcription and potentially mediating plasmid incompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The 15-bp repeats in pSW200 are crucial for plasmid stability and host defense against incompatible plasmids.
  • RNA polymerase interaction with repeats is a novel mechanism for promoting transcription and ensuring plasmid persistence.
  • This study reveals an evolutionary strategy for plasmid maintenance and competitive exclusion within host populations.