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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles in trafficking, communication and the host-pathogen interaction.

Jeffrey W Schertzer1, Marvin Whiteley

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA. jschertz@binghamton.edu

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
|April 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles for communication, defense, and virulence. Understanding bacterial vesicle formation could lead to new treatments for bacterial infections.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
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Published on: March 31, 2021

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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vesicular transport was considered absent in bacteria.
  • Recent advances highlight bacterial communal lifestyles and interactions.
  • Gram-negative bacteria are known to release outer membrane vesicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the nature and roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.
  • To explore the mechanisms behind bacterial vesicle formation, loading, and delivery.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets based on bacterial vesicle functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacterial outer membrane vesicles.
  • Analysis of the known roles in bacterial physiology, ecology, and virulence.
  • Discussion of current understanding of vesicle biogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Outer membrane vesicles play diverse roles in bacterial interactions.
  • These vesicles are involved in bacterial communication, defense, and pathogenesis.
  • Mechanisms of vesicle formation, cargo loading, and release are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial outer membrane vesicles are crucial for inter-bacterial and host-bacterial interactions.
  • Understanding these vesicles offers insights into bacterial virulence and ecology.
  • Targeting bacterial vesicle mechanisms presents a promising strategy for novel antimicrobial therapies.