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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma.

Samantha S Possa1, Edna A Leick, Carla M Prado

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|April 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophils, key white blood cells, drive asthma development by migrating to the lungs. Reducing eosinophil counts is a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic lung diseases like asthma.

Keywords:
airway remodelingasthmaeosinophilsexperimental models of asthmainflammationrespiratory hypersensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma.
  • Th2 T-cells orchestrate eosinophil recruitment to the lungs via cytokine cascades.
  • Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, eotaxin, Clara cells, and CC chemokine receptor (CCR)3 are critical for eosinophil lung recruitment during allergic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of eosinophils in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the mechanisms driving eosinophil recruitment to the lungs.
  • To underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting eosinophils in allergic airway diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on eosinophil involvement in asthma.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular pathways governing eosinophil recruitment.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting eosinophil reduction.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophil recruitment is a central event in asthma pathophysiology.
  • Multiple factors, including specific cytokines and chemokines, mediate eosinophil migration.
  • Eosinophils contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, immune modulation, and remodeling in asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophil recruitment plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of asthma and related allergic diseases.
  • Targeting eosinophil counts presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing asthma.
  • Understanding eosinophil-driven mechanisms is crucial for developing effective asthma treatments.