Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evidence for a Spectral Break or Curvature in the Spectrum of Astrophysical Neutrinos from 5 TeV to 10 PeV.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Search for Extremely-High-Energy Neutrinos and First Constraints on the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Proton Fraction with IceCube.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

First Constraints on General Neutrino Interactions Based on KATRIN Data.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Using Convolutional Neural Networks with 9.3 Years of Data in IceCube DeepCore.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Search for an eV-Scale Sterile Neutrino Using Improved High-Energy ν_{μ} Event Reconstruction in IceCube.

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube.

Physical review letters·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Published on: November 30, 2022

Unlocking Data for Clinical Research - The German i2b2 Experience.

T Ganslandt¹, S Mate, K Helbing

¹Center for Medical Information and Communication, Erlangen University Hospital , Erlangen, Germany.

Applied Clinical Informatics

|April 26, 2013

Summary

The i2b2 platform is suitable for clinical data querying in German medical research. Integrating privacy tools enhances data protection, with development tools simplifying data import from standard formats.

Keywords:

Information Storage and Retrieval Medical Record Systems Single-Source

More Related Videos

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Published on: April 13, 2021

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure

Published on: December 13, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management

Published on: November 30, 2022

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Published on: April 13, 2021

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure

Published on: December 13, 2024

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Clinical Research Data Management

Background:

Clinical care data is increasingly utilized for research.
The i2b2 platform facilitates data integration and querying for clinical users in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

Assess i2b2 applicability in Germany for use cases, functionality, and privacy tool integration.
Evaluate i2b2's suitability for networked medical research in Germany.

Main Methods:

Tested i2b2 v1.4 with four research scenarios, including data import and ontology generation.
Developed setup/administration tools and an extraction tool for CDISC ODM data.
Implemented interfaces for TMF privacy enhancing tools (PID Generator, Pseudonymization Service).

Main Results:

Successful data import from various sources and i2b2 ontology generation.
Seamless integration of TMF privacy tools without platform modification.
Identified limitations in query performance compared to native SQL and for temporal queries.

Conclusions:

i2b2 is a viable platform for clinical data query tasks in German networked medical research.
Integrated privacy tools support data protection compliance.
Simplified setup and import tools, like for CDISC ODM, can lower entry barriers.