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Related Concept Videos

Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Utilizing Thermal Shift Assay to Probe Substrate Binding to Selenoprotein O
03:09

Utilizing Thermal Shift Assay to Probe Substrate Binding to Selenoprotein O

Published on: August 9, 2024

Pseudogenes: pseudo or real functional elements?

Wen Li1, Wei Yang, Xiu-Jie Wang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|April 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pseudogenes, once thought to be non-functional, are now recognized as important regulators of gene expression and biological processes. Further research into their roles in development and disease is warranted.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Published on: August 9, 2024

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

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Published on: August 24, 2013

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
11:35

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)

Published on: August 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Pseudogenes are evolutionary remnants of protein-coding genes.
  • Historically considered 'junk DNA', their significance is increasingly recognized.
  • Recent advancements highlight their potential functional roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the basic features of pseudogenes.
  • To summarize their regulatory functions in development and disease.
  • To advocate for a re-evaluation of pseudogene nomenclature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pseudogene research.
  • Analysis of high-throughput experimental data.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of pseudogene functions.

Main Results:

  • Pseudogenes exhibit diverse regulatory functions.
  • They influence parental gene expression.
  • Evidence suggests roles in biological processes, development, and diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudogenes are not merely genomic relics.
  • They possess significant regulatory potential.
  • Further exploration of pseudogene distribution, regulation, and function is crucial, necessitating a new nomenclature.