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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

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Published on: June 16, 2014

SHBG and endothelial function in older subjects.

Marcello Maggio1, Chiara Cattabiani, Fulvio Lauretani

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Andrology, Osteometabolic, Endocrinology Unit, University of Parma, Italy; Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.

International Journal of Cardiology
|April 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

In older adults, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is linked to better blood vessel function. This association was observed in both men and women, suggesting SHBG’s role in cardiovascular health in aging populations.

Keywords:
ElderlyEndotheliumSHBGSex hormones

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Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key predictor of cardiovascular diseases, with varying prevalence between sexes before menopause.
  • Sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are emerging risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, potentially explaining sex-based differences.
  • The specific relationship between these hormones and endothelial function in the elderly population remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sex hormones (testosterone [T], estradiol [E2]), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and endothelial function in an elderly cohort.
  • To determine if SHBG is independently associated with measures of endothelial function in older men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors, including 430 men and 424 women aged 70 years and older.
  • Assessed SHBG, T, E2, endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV), endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and pulse wave analysis (reflection index, RI).
  • Employed multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, to evaluate the relationships between hormones and endothelial function parameters.

Main Results:

  • In men, SHBG showed a positive association with EDV and EIDV, which persisted after adjustments for sex and confounders.
  • In women, SHBG was positively associated with EIDV, independently of sex.
  • No significant relationships were found between T or E2 and any endothelial function measures in either sex. SHBG was not associated with FMD or RI.

Conclusions:

  • In older men, SHBG is positively and independently associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) in resistance arteries, while T and E2 are not.
  • In both sexes, SHBG demonstrates a positive and independent association with endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV).
  • These findings highlight SHBG as a significant factor in maintaining vascular function in the elderly, independent of traditional sex hormones.