Effect of vascular volume and edema on wave propagation in canine lungs

The velocities of longitudinal and transverse stress waves transmitted through inflated lung parenchyma depend on the lung stiffness, as defined by the bulk and shear moduli, and the lung density. We examined the relationship between stress wave velocities and lung density. A saline-filled reservoir was connected to the vessels of caudal dog lobes held inflated at 5 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure, and vascular volume and extravascular lung water were increased in steps by increasing vascular pressure. At each step, we measured the transmitted signals at locations 2 and 7 cm from an impulse surface distortion by means of microphones embedded in the lung surface. Longitudinal and transverse wave velocities were computed by using cross-correlation analysis of microphone signal pairs. Both wave velocities decreased as lung density increased: as a first approximation, wave velocities were inversely proportional to the square root of lung density. This behavior is consistent with the propagation of small-amplitude stress waves through an elastic continuum. Estimated bulk and shear moduli were 26 and 3.5 cmH2O, respectively, and were consistent with results from quasi-static deformation tests.