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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
12:14

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Published on: February 12, 2016

Peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation as a systemic inflammatory response in ischemic stroke.

Xiaoye Mo1, Ting Li, Guang Ji

  • 1Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|April 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) activation, driven by systemic inflammation after stroke, contributes to injury. Inhibiting this peripheral PMNL activation offers a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.

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Published on: December 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke is a major global cause of death and disability.
  • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are key players in the inflammatory response post-ischemic stroke.
  • The role of peripheral PMNL activation in ischemic stroke remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively describe peripheral PMNL activation following ischemic stroke.
  • To elucidate the potential roles of peripheral PMNL activation in ischemic injury.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting peripheral PMNL activation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of systemic inflammatory response markers post-ischemic stroke.
  • Assessment of peripheral PMNL activation.
  • In vivo studies in stroke animal models to evaluate the effects of inhibiting peripheral PMNL activation.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral PMNL activation is linked to the systemic inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia, not local brain activity.
  • Inhibition of peripheral PMNL activation in animal models reduced infarct size.
  • Therapeutic inhibition of peripheral PMNL activation improved behavioral outcomes in stroke models.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral PMNL activation is a consequence of systemic inflammation post-stroke.
  • Targeting peripheral PMNL activation represents a promising therapeutic avenue for stroke.
  • Further research into inhibiting peripheral PMNL activation could lead to new stroke treatments.