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Related Concept Videos

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the equation for the...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I01:20

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

A massive pulsar in a compact relativistic binary.

John Antoniadis1, Paulo C C Freire, Norbert Wex

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, Bonn, Germany. jantoniadis@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A massive 2.01 solar mass pulsar orbiting a white dwarf was measured. Its orbital decay matches general relativity, validating Einstein's theory in extreme gravity conditions.

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • General Relativity
  • Gravitational Waves

Background:

  • Extensions to general relativity predict spacetime deviations around massive neutron stars.
  • Testing strong-field gravity requires precise measurements in extreme environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the mass of a pulsar in a compact binary system.
  • To test the validity of general relativity in a strong-field regime.
  • To constrain deviations from general relativity and properties of dense matter.

Main Methods:

  • Observational astronomy utilizing pulsar timing.
  • Analysis of orbital decay in a binary system composed of a pulsar and a white dwarf.

Main Results:

  • A pulsar mass of 2.01 ± 0.04 solar masses was determined.
  • The observed orbital decay is consistent with predictions from general relativity.
  • Constraints on deviations from general relativity were established.

Conclusions:

  • General relativity remains valid under extreme gravitational conditions.
  • GR-based templates are suitable for gravitational wave detectors.
  • The study provides insights into dense matter, binary stellar astrophysics, and pulsar recycling.