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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
09:10

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Published on: May 22, 2018

An automated graphics tool for comparative genomics: the Coulson plot generator.

Helen I Field1, Richard M R Coulson, Mark C Field

  • 1LGC Genomics Ltd, Pindar Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 0WZ, UK. imogen.field@lgcgenomics.com

BMC Bioinformatics
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new Coulson Plot visualizes comparative genomics data using pie charts, making gene presence and absence patterns easily recognizable. The Coulson Plot Generator (CPG) software automates this process, aiding in understanding evolutionary history and cellular functions.

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Published on: December 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Comparative genomics relies on analyzing gene presence/absence across taxa.
  • Traditional spreadsheets are inadequate for visualizing complex genomic patterns.
  • Gene patterns reveal functional insights and evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel graphical representation for comparative genomics data.
  • To develop software for automating the generation of this graphical representation.

Main Methods:

  • Devised the Coulson Plot, a matrix of pie charts.
  • Each pie chart represents a taxon's complex/process.
  • Sectors indicate protein presence/absence, with keys for subunit identity and hierarchical taxa naming.

Main Results:

  • The Coulson Plot offers a visually accessible format for rapid pattern recognition.
  • The Coulson Plot Generator (CPG) software automates the creation of these plots.
  • Generated plots are editable in portable document format (PDF) or scalable vector graphics (SVG).

Conclusions:

  • CPG software efficiently converts spreadsheet data into a clear, graphical matrix pie chart format.
  • The Coulson Plot enhances pattern identification and comparison in comparative genomics.
  • The software is versatile, applicable to any dataset comparing entity occupancy across different classes.