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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

Unscrambling butterfly oogenesis.

Jean-Michel Carter1, Simon C Baker, Ryan Pink

  • 1Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.

BMC Genomics
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed the ovarian transcriptome of the Speckled Wood butterfly, revealing conserved and divergent genes in oogenesis. These findings provide resources for future research into butterfly development and environmental responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Butterflies are key models for studying oogenesis and egg provisioning.
  • Little is known about butterfly oogenesis mechanisms, oocyte polarity, or maternal effect genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the ovarian transcriptome of Pararge aegeria.
  • To identify conserved and divergent aspects of butterfly oogenesis.
  • To compare butterfly oogenesis genes with those in Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori.

Main Methods:

  • De novo ovarian transcriptome analysis of Pararge aegeria.
  • Comparative genomics with Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori.

Main Results:

  • 17,306 contigs were annotated; 30% were novel or divergent.
  • 74.5% of essential Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis genes were expressed in Pararge aegeria.
  • Significant differences observed in genes for germarium stem cells, oocyte polarity, and maternal regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Provides valuable resources for studying divergent aspects of butterfly oogenesis.
  • Enables investigation of oogenesis gene expression under environmental conditions.
  • Facilitates functional studies of oogenesis genes in butterflies.