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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Health Literacy01:21

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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Dyslexia.

Michel Habib1, Kimberly Giraud

  • 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder impacting reading acquisition. Early diagnosis and intensive, phonics-based interventions are crucial for improving phonological skills and reading abilities.

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12:55

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Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Education

Background:

  • Developmental dyslexia (DD) affects 5-17% of school children, representing a significant public health concern.
  • DD is a neurological disorder with unknown causes but a clear genetic component.
  • Early diagnosis is critical for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of developmental dyslexia.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and effective remediation strategies.
  • To discuss the role of neuroimaging in understanding DD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on developmental dyslexia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools and assessment methods for reading and phonological skills.
  • Examination of neuroimaging studies (EEG/MEG) implicating cortical abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Objective imaging techniques suggest cortical abnormalities in central auditory processing in individuals with DD.
  • Phonics-based treatments, including auditory and multisensory training, are most effective.
  • Clinical improvements correlate with observable brain changes.

Conclusions:

  • Early and intensive intervention tailored to individual needs is essential for managing DD.
  • Phonics-based approaches show significant efficacy in improving reading and phonological skills.
  • Neuroimaging provides valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of DD and treatment effects.