Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Autism-ness Does Not Exist, but Autism Does, Part 2: The Perception-Language Chimera Model Accounts for the Nature, Chronology, and Interrelation of Autistic Signs.

Autism & developmental language impairments·2026

Same author

Autistic Children With Speech Onset Delay Show Reversed Bias in Spectral Versus Temporal Auditory Processing.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2026

Same author

Autism-ness Does Not Exist, but Autism Does. Part 1: A Critic of the "Spectrum" Position Used to Describe, Diagnose, and Research Autism, and Its Alternative.

Autism & developmental language impairments·2025

Same author

Asymmetric developmental bifurcations in polarized environments: a new class of human variants, which may include autism.

Molecular psychiatry·2025

Same author

Calendar calculation: A systematic review of 100 years of research.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025

Same author

How is calendar calculation in autism possible? A language model.

Psychological review·2025

Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

The autistic spectrum.

Laurent Mottron¹, Michelle Dawson

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Troubles Envahissants du Developpement de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|April 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder involves social and communication differences, alongside restricted interests. Research suggests it arises from diverse genetic factors influencing information processing, not solely intellectual disability.

More Related Videos

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Genetics and Genomics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social-communication atypicalities and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
High heritability is evident, yet specific genetic underpinnings and transmission modes remain largely undetermined.
Current understanding acknowledges ASD as a final common pathway for numerous genetic variations impacting information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the complex genetic and phenotypic landscape of autism spectrum disorder.
To explore the relationship between genetic variations and the autistic behavioral phenotype.
To re-evaluate associations between autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Review of current diagnostic practices and genetic research in autism.
Analysis of heterogeneous genetic, functional, and structural variations linked to ASD.
Examination of information processing pathways potentially affected in autism.

Main Results:

Minimal established links between specific genetic variations and the autistic behavioral phenotype.
High heritability contrasts with limited identification of causative genes.
Recent findings challenge the presumed association between autism and intellectual disability/epilepsy.
Evidence suggests optional information processing hierarchies may be fundamental to autism.

Conclusions:

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse genetic origins affecting information processing.
Adaptation of educational and employment settings to individual needs is crucial for autistic individuals.
Addressing co-occurring conditions is essential for improving outcomes in autism spectrum disorder.