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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Published on: December 6, 2016

Syncopes and other paroxysmal events.

John B P Stephenson1

  • 1Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric neurologists must recognize paroxysmal nonepileptic disorders, especially neurally mediated syncopes, which often present with convulsive features distinct from epileptic seizures. Differentiating these conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Paroxysmal nonepileptic disorders are common in children, requiring expertise comparable to epileptic seizures.
  • Neurally mediated syncopes, often triggered by specific situations, are the most frequent episodic disorders.
  • Distinguishing convulsive syncopes from epileptic seizures is clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and differentiating paroxysmal nonepileptic disorders in pediatric neurology.
  • To provide clinical clues for diagnosing various types of syncopes, particularly neurally mediated ones.
  • To differentiate convulsive syncopes from epileptic seizures based on motor manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and differentiation of episodic disorders in infants and children.
  • Analysis of triggers and motor elements in syncopal events.
  • Comparison of motor features in convulsive syncopes versus epileptic seizures.
  • Review of specific conditions like Valsalva maneuver syncope, long QT syndrome, hyperekplexia, and congenital myasthenia.

Main Results:

  • Neurally mediated syncopes are common and often present with arrhythmic, nonepileptic spasms (jerks).
  • Convulsive syncopes, while common, must be distinguished from epileptic seizures, which typically exhibit rhythmic clonic jerks.
  • Specific triggers and video-audio recordings aid in diagnosing conditions like Valsalva maneuver syncope.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric neurologists must be adept at diagnosing both epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders.
  • Understanding the distinct characteristics of convulsive syncopes is essential for accurate diagnosis and avoiding misclassification as epilepsy.
  • Recognizing triggers and specific clinical features aids in diagnosing various serious syncopal conditions in children.