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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
Sites for measuring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measuring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.

M C Romaña1, A Rogier

  • 1Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) often resolves spontaneously, but some infants require surgery. Surgical timing and strategy are crucial for improving arm function, though normal recovery is not always achieved.

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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) results from birth trauma, affecting infant arm function.
  • While many infants recover spontaneously within 3 months, some experience persistent deficits requiring intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, epidemiology, and anatomy of OBPP.
  • To discuss surgical indications, timing, and reconstructive strategies for OBPP.
  • To evaluate outcomes of surgical interventions for OBPP.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and epidemiological studies on OBPP.
  • Analysis of descriptive and functional anatomy relevant to infant brachial plexus injuries.
  • Discussion of operative procedures, including microsurgery, nerve grafting, and secondary surgeries.

Main Results:

  • Surgical indications are based on lesion type and lack of biceps function recovery by 3 months.
  • Reinnervation strategies prioritize hand function, followed by elbow flexion and shoulder stability.
  • Secondary surgeries during growth aim to prevent contractures and enhance muscle function, but complete recovery is uncommon, especially in total palsy.

Conclusions:

  • Early surgical intervention and strategic reconstruction are vital for managing OBPP.
  • While surgery can improve functional capacity, achieving normal function remains challenging, particularly in severe cases.
  • Understanding OBPP's anatomical basis guides effective surgical planning and management.