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Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats
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Published on: March 24, 2020

Spinal cord malformations.

Michel Zerah1, Abhaya V Kulkarni

  • 1Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris V René Descartes and INSERM U745, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal cord malformations are common, divided into open (like myelomeningocele) and occult types. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preventing lifelong disabilities in affected children.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Spinal cord malformations represent a significant category of congenital anomalies.
  • These malformations are broadly classified into open and occult dysraphisms, each with distinct characteristics and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the two primary categories of spinal cord malformations: open and occult dysraphisms.
  • To outline the diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical practices regarding spinal cord malformations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including prenatal screening, ultrasound, and physical examination.
  • Discussion of surgical interventions and management of associated complications.

Main Results:

  • Open dysraphism, primarily myelomeningocele (MMC), occurs in approximately 1/1000 live births and can be reduced by folic acid supplementation.
  • Prenatal diagnosis of MMC is common, often leading to termination or early surgical repair, with a high incidence of requiring ventricular shunts.
  • Occult dysraphisms encompass a diverse group including lipomas, diastematomyelia, and neurenteric cysts, requiring careful examination for cutaneous stigmata for early detection.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of spinal cord malformations necessitates a clear distinction between open and occult types.
  • Timely prenatal diagnosis and prompt postnatal intervention are critical for optimizing outcomes and minimizing permanent neurological, urological, and orthopedic deficits.
  • Lifelong surveillance is essential to address potential late complications associated with these congenital anomalies.