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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Updated: May 11, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Tuberculous meningitis.

J F Schoeman1, P R Donald

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculous meningitis (TB meningitis) is a serious infection often diagnosed late due to non-specific symptoms. Early diagnosis and a 12-month treatment regimen are crucial for better outcomes.

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculous meningitis (TB meningitis) is prevalent in resource-limited settings and also seen in developed countries.
  • Delayed diagnosis of TB meningitis stems from unfamiliarity and non-specific early symptoms like fever and listlessness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of tuberculous meningitis.
  • To highlight challenges in early detection and current treatment guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods (CSF analysis, imaging, PCR), and treatment protocols.
  • Analysis of World Health Organization (WHO) recommended drug regimens and corticosteroid use.

Main Results:

  • TB meningitis results from intracranial tuberculoma rupture, leading to hydrocephalus and vasculitis.
  • Diagnosis is often clinical due to difficulties in identifying TB bacilli, supported by contact history, imaging, and PCR.
  • A 12-month, four-drug regimen followed by a two-drug regimen is recommended; corticosteroids reduce mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of TB meningitis is challenging but critical.
  • Adherence to WHO guidelines and judicious use of corticosteroids improve patient outcomes.
  • Outcome is closely linked to patient age and disease stage at diagnosis.