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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

Daniela Pohl1, Susanne Benseler

  • 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders can affect the nervous system in children. Early diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation are vital for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic disorders with presumed inflammatory/autoimmune mechanisms can involve the nervous system.
  • These conditions, including Behçet disease, sarcoidosis, lupus, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, scleroderma, and Sjögren syndrome, can manifest in childhood.
  • Neurological symptoms may be the initial presentation, underscoring the importance of considering these disorders in pediatric cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of recognizing and diagnosing systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders with neurological involvement in children.
  • To emphasize the therapeutic and prognostic importance of timely intervention for central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in pediatric patients.
  • To outline the diagnostic approach for unexplained neurological findings in children, considering inflammatory/autoimmune etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Broad initial diagnostic workup in the absence of specific clinical features.
  • Inclusion of basic blood tests (inflammatory markers, autoantibodies).
  • Cerebral MRI, lumbar puncture with CSF analysis for CNS involvement.
  • Consideration of skin, muscle, or organ biopsies, and potentially brain biopsy for isolated CNS disease.

Main Results:

  • Neurological involvement can be the presenting feature of systemic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases in children.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic strategy is necessary due to the wide range of potential neurological symptoms.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing CNS inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders are critical considerations in the differential diagnosis of neurological conditions in children.
  • Prompt recognition and management of CNS inflammation can lead to improved clinical outcomes and prevention of secondary brain injury.
  • A systematic diagnostic approach, including advanced imaging and laboratory tests, is essential for identifying these potentially treatable conditions.