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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...

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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Published on: September 9, 2022

Effect of autoimmune diseases on cognitive function.

Lily Lim1, Sarah Lippe, Earl Silverman

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) significantly impacts cognitive function in pediatric patients, with studies showing approximately 50% experiencing cognitive abnormalities. Standardized assessment is crucial for accurate diagnosis and understanding of cognitive defects in these patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Brain inflammation from autoimmune and infectious diseases impacts cognitive function.
  • Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) affects 20-95% of pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients.
  • Cognitive dysfunction incidence in pediatric patients is poorly defined due to limited research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of autoimmune and infectious diseases on cognitive function.
  • To focus on cognitive defects in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • To address the need for standardized cognitive assessment in pSLE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inflammatory brain disease and cognitive defects.
  • Analysis of studies using formal neurocognitive testing in pediatric SLE patients.
  • Discussion of the proposed Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) cognitive assessment battery.

Main Results:

  • Studies indicate a high rate of cognitive abnormalities in pediatric SLE patients, ranging from 50% to 55%.
  • Cognitive impairment in one study was associated with longer disease duration.
  • Diverging findings highlight the need for standardized assessment tools.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in pediatric SLE patients.
  • A standardized cognitive assessment battery, like the CARRA proposal, is essential for accurate neurocognitive profiling.
  • Further research using standardized methods will clarify the neurocognitive profile of pSLE.