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Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Hepatitis B "360".

M L Schilsky¹

¹Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Digestive Diseases and Section of Transplantation and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. michael.schilsky@yale.edu

Transplantation Proceedings

|April 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B (HBV) infection causes significant liver disease globally. Effective treatments and liver transplantation improve outcomes for patients with advanced disease, reducing hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection presents a substantial global health burden, affecting approximately 2 billion people worldwide.
Chronic HBV carriers number around 350 million, leading to significant rates of advanced liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of medical and surgical management for liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV).
To highlight advancements in liver transplantation and antiviral therapies for HBV-related liver conditions.
To discuss the evolving indications and outcomes for liver transplantation in HBV patients.

Main Methods:

Review of current medical and surgical therapeutic options for HBV infection.
Analysis of outcomes for liver transplantation in patients with HBV-related liver disease.
Discussion of the role of antiviral therapy in managing HBV and preventing reactivation.

Main Results:

Antiviral therapy and liver transplantation have significantly improved outcomes for advanced HBV liver disease.
Acute liver failure and HCC are now primary indications for liver transplantation in HBV patients.
The use of HBV-exposed donor organs has expanded the donor pool and demonstrated good outcomes.

Conclusions:

Effective management of HBV infection, including antiviral therapy and liver transplantation, leads to favorable clinical outcomes.
Ongoing research and future universal vaccination are crucial to further reduce the global burden of HBV liver disease.
Healthcare providers with HBV must manage their condition to prevent transmission.