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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
07:01

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)

Published on: February 7, 2025

Meningococcemia: the pediatric orthopedic sequelae.

Jane M Wick1, Ivan Krajbich, Shannon Kelly

  • 1Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA.

AORN Journal
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Meningococcal disease can cause limb loss in children. Early orthopedic consultation is crucial for managing necrotic tissue and preserving limb length and function for survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Meningococcal disease impacts up to 3,000 US individuals annually, primarily children under five.
  • Survivors of meningococcemia often experience limb deficiencies, impacting quality of life.
  • Necrotic tissue from meningococcal infections necessitates careful surgical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early pediatric orthopedic consultation in managing meningococcal disease complications.
  • To outline strategies for minimizing tissue loss and preserving limb function in affected children.
  • To guide surgical timing for extremity gangrene secondary to meningococcal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical management principles for meningococcal disease-related extremity complications.

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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

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A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)

Published on: February 7, 2025

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

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  • Emphasis on the role of surgical planning and conservative management.
  • Discussion of factors influencing limb length preservation and joint function.

    • Main Results:

    • Early consultation with pediatric orthopedic surgeons is vital for effective treatment planning.
    • Delayed surgical intervention allows for tissue demarcation, aiding limb preservation.
    • Focusing on functional joint maintenance improves long-term outcomes for survivors.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt orthopedic evaluation is critical for children with meningococcal disease and limb compromise.
    • Strategic surgical timing and conservative management are key to optimizing limb salvage.
    • Preserving limb length and joint function enhances the quality of life for survivors of meningococcal disease.