Tuberoplasty: minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique for tibial plateau fractures

Fractures of the tibial plateau are in constant progression. They affect an elderly population suffering from a number of comorbidities, but also a young population increasingly practicing high-risk sports and using two-wheeled vehicles. The objective of this study was therefore to propose a new technique for the treatment of this type of fracture. There are a variety of classical pitfalls of conservative treatment such as defective reduction resulting in early osteoarthritis and alignment defects. Conventional treatments lead to joint stiffness and amyotrophy of the quadriceps, caused by the open technique and late loading. We propose an osteosynthesis technique for tibial plateau fractures with minimally invasive surgery. A minimally invasive technique would be more appropriate to remedy all of the surgical drawbacks resulting from current practices. The surgical technique that we propose uses a balloon allowing progressive and total reduction, associated with percutaneous screw fixation and filling with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. The advantages are optimal reduction, minimal devascularization, soft tissues kept intact, as well as early loading and mobilization. This simple technique seems to be a good alternative to conventional treatment. The most comminuted fractures as well as the most posterior compressions can be treated, while causing the least impairment possible. Arthroscopy can be used to verify fracture reduction and cement leakage. At the same time, it can be used to assess the associated meniscal lesions and to repair them if necessary.