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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
09:56

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

Published on: December 8, 2015

Characterization of grade 2 commercially pure Trabecular Titanium structures.

E Marin1, M Pressacco, S Fusi

  • 1University of Udine, Italy. elia.marin@uniud.it

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated two electron beam melted titanium cellular structures. Sample A exhibited higher resistance, while Sample B, with larger pores, had a lower elastic modulus, both showing bone-like porosity.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
09:56

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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo
12:19

Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

Published on: July 1, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cellular solid structures are crucial for biomedical implants, particularly for bone replacement.
  • Titanium alloys are widely used due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
  • Electron Beam Melting (EBM) offers a method for creating complex, porous titanium structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and compare two distinct cellular solid structures fabricated from Grade 2 Titanium using EBM.
  • To evaluate the relative density, porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the titanium samples.
  • To correlate structural characteristics with mechanical performance for potential orthopedic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Electron Beam Melting (EBM) for sample fabrication.
  • Relative density evaluation using Archimedes' principle.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for porosity analysis and mean pore diameter calculation.
  • Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) for chemical composition analysis.
  • Chemical etching and Vickers microhardness testing for microstructure and hardness assessment.
  • Universal Materials Testing System (UMTS) for mechanical property evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Both samples exhibited porosity levels comparable to spongy bone (77% for A, 89% for B).
  • Mean pore diameters were 640 μm for Sample A and 1250 μm for Sample B.
  • Vickers microhardness was consistent across both structures, revealing a complex microstructure with irregular grains.
  • Sample A demonstrated higher mechanical resistance, whereas Sample B presented a lower elastic modulus.

Conclusions:

  • EBM-produced titanium cellular structures can achieve bone-like porosity.
  • Structural parameters, such as pore size, significantly influence mechanical properties like resistance and elastic modulus.
  • These findings support the potential of tailored titanium cellular structures for orthopedic and bone regenerative applications.