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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia01:26

Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ due to enhanced cell division. It is an adaptive, controlled response to stimuli such as injury, hormones, or stress, involving mitosis to produce genetically identical cells and support tissue repair and regeneration.Tissue CapacityCertain tissues, including the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, and fibroblasts, have a high potential for hyperplasia. Others, such as bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle, show...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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Clonal karyotypic abnormalities associated with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.

Nathan D Montgomery1, Stephanie P Mathews, Wilborn B Coward

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Cancer Genetics
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cytogenetic abnormalities in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia are less common than previously thought. This study provides a clearer baseline incidence of these changes in benign lymphoid processes.

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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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Published on: January 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cytogenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cytogenetic abnormalities are crucial for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in hematolymphoid neoplasms.
  • The role of cytogenetic changes in benign conditions, like reactive lymph nodes, is not fully understood.
  • Previous studies reported varied incidences of clonal cytogenetic changes in reactive lymphoid tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of karyotypic abnormalities in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.
  • To establish a clearer baseline incidence of cytogenetic changes in benign lymphoid processes.
  • To clarify the significance of cytogenetic alterations in non-malignant lymphoid tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the largest series of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia cases to date.
  • Karyotypic analysis of lymphoid tissues to identify clonal cytogenetic abnormalities.
  • Statistical evaluation of the incidence of abnormalities in informative and all cases.

Main Results:

  • Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were identified in 6.3% of reactive lymph nodes with informative karyotypes.
  • Overall, 5.1% of all reactive lymphoid tissues examined showed clonal cytogenetic abnormalities.
  • The incidence of these abnormalities was lower than suggested by previous, smaller studies.

Conclusions:

  • Cytogenetic abnormalities are less frequent in reactive lymphoid tissue than previously reported.
  • These findings offer a more accurate understanding of the baseline incidence of cytogenetic changes in benign lymphoid conditions.
  • Distinguishing between benign and malignant cytogenetic findings is critical for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.