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Related Concept Videos

Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
09:29

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Published on: December 14, 2011

Expression and modification proteomics during skeletal muscle ageing.

Martin A Baraibar1, Marine Gueugneau, Stephanie Duguez

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4, UPMC Paris 6 University, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.

Biogerontology
|April 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal muscle ageing, or sarcopenia, involves muscle mass and strength loss. Proteomics offers insights into ageing mechanisms by analyzing protein changes and oxidative damage during this process.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
09:29

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

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Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
10:10

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Published on: February 16, 2017

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle ageing leads to sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass and strength decline.
  • Proteomics, the study of proteins, presents unique challenges due to proteome complexity and variability.
  • Understanding molecular pathways in ageing requires advanced proteomic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe proteomic approaches for analyzing protein abundance in skeletal muscle.
  • To identify specific protein targets affected by oxidative stress during muscle ageing.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis of protein abundance.
  • Assessment of post-translational modifications.
  • Identification of protein oxidation targets.

Main Results:

  • Proteomic studies reveal key molecular pathways in ageing.
  • Analysis of protein abundance and modifications provides insights into sarcopenia.
  • Specific protein targets of oxidative damage in ageing muscle identified.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is crucial for unraveling the molecular basis of skeletal muscle ageing.
  • Proteomic approaches can identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
  • Understanding protein changes and oxidative damage is key to combating muscle ageing.